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Legend of the Hero Twins of Ulama Pok-ta-Pok Central American Ball Game 5th Century BC to 9th Century AD
Legend of the Twins of the Popol Vuh
The Popol Vuh, or “Book of Council” is one of the few Codices (Books) to have survived the burning of the Maya and other Native American peoples which came with the arrival of the Spanish and the Roman Catholic Church to Central America. It describes the creation myths of the Maya, and also gives an indication of the significance of the Ball Game (Ulama to Mexica (Aztecs) or Pok ta Pok to Maya) in ritual dealing with astrology and the fertility and life cycle of Maize (Corn) which was the Maya staple diet.
In the Popol Vuh, two brothers – Jun Junaipu (1 blowgun) and Wuqub’ Junaipu (7 blowgun) were playing the ball game before entering the Underworld. The Rulers of the Underworld were disturbed by the noise they made, and ordered the brothers to descend into the Underworld in order to test their skills in the ball game against the Rulers of the Underworld. The brothers were deceived, killed and Jun Junaipu’s decapitated head hung from a tree.
A girl by the name of Xkik’ (Woman of Blood) approached the tree, upon which Jun Junaipu’s head spat into the palm of her hand, causing her to become pregnant. Fearing what her father would say, one of the Rulers of the Underworld, she escaped to the Upper world where she sought out the mother of the dead brothers. Here she gave birth to twins: Junaipu (blowgun) and Xb’alanke (Young Jaguar) who found their father’s ball game equipment and started to play. They too were summoned to the Underworld to test themselves against the rulers.
Here in the Underworld the “Hero Twins” as they are usually called in the Codices and the Glyphs on carvings on Stone Temples, underwent all sorts of tests (see below). During one test Junaipu’s head was torn off by a bar. The Rulers of the Underworld thought they were going to win, but Xb’alanke replaced a pumpkin with the brothers head and Junaipu invited the Rulers of the Underworld to play with his head. Xb’alanke tricked the Rulers of the Underworld by having a rabbit jump across the ball court like a ball and while the Rulers of the Underworld were distracted he was able to bring his twin back to life. Both twins, were, however, eventually killed in the tests, and their remains scattered along the river of the Underworld.
After five days the Hero Twins returned and worked a series of great miracles, killing many creatures and bringing them back to life. The Rulers of the Underworld begged the Hero Twins to do the same to them, but after killing them, the Hero Twins did not revive the Rulers of the Underworld. The Hero Twins then ascended into ther heavens where they became the sun and the moon.
This gives an insight into the importance of the Ball Game in Religious Ritual. It was not just an athletic contest, it symbolised the movement of the heavens, with the ball representing the sun. The game was deeply imbued with the symbolism of death and sacrifice, and post-game ceremonies may depict the losing team as being sacrificed. It is also possible, despite the amount of blood depicted in the pictures, that the images of a ball player kneeling before the Rulers with the Rulers holding a knife over his shoulder and at his neck, were “Knighting” the players for having won.
Tests Hero Twins Underwent
One of the many tests the Hero Twins underwent, as in a lot of other Native American cultures, was to rid the world of monsters and anomilies. Junaipu (also pronounced Hunahpu) and Xb’alanke (also spelt Xbalanque) had to get rid of Wuqub Kaquix (7 Macaw), a formidable opponent. As the gigantic, bejewelled, bird descended onto a nantze tree to eat its favourite fruit, Junaipu shot it with his blowgun. In the ensuing struggle the bird-monster ripped off the arm of Junaipu, which was later recovered, but it was doomed as the grandfather (or grandmother) replaced its sharp teeth with soft kernels of maize and the bird died ignominiously. Two more monsters were defeated. One twin defeated the creator of Volcanoes and the other twin defeated the producer of earthquakes.
The twins now moved onto the Lords of Xibalba. Summoned like their father and uncle into the Underworld they were placed in the usual torture chambers which was the destiny of most Maya after death. They tricked the Rulers of the Underworld, even defeating them in the ball game, but were eventually killed. The Rulers of the Upper world, however, did not want them to die, and they were revived, returning to the Court of Xibalba disguised as Dancers and Mountebanks.
They killed the Rulers of the Underworld through clever strathegy, and revived their father, the Maize God, Jun Junaipu, who had earlier been killed also. The Maize God travelled through the Underworld River in a canoe, paddled by two aged deities and naked young women who restored the headgear and jewels which had earlier been taken from him. One picture shows the canoe sinking and the occupants in despair, so the journey may have been fraught with danger, however, the Maize God returned to the surface of the earth through a crack, pictured as the carapace of a turtle.
Royalty-free stock photo ID: 197886914
Mayan Ball court found in Uxmal
L
By Leon Rafael
References
[1] Pierre H. Colas & Alexander Voss in Nikolai Grube (Ed.) () Maya: Divine Kings of the Rainforest. pg. 186-191. Konemann, Germany.
[2] Michae D. Coe, Dean Snow & Michael Brion () “Mesoamerican Ball Game” Atlas of Ancient America. pg. 108. Andromeda Books, Oxford, UK.
[3] Michael D. Coe () The Maya: Seventh Edition. Thames & Hudson. London. UK.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to Richard Mulcahy & Fiona Connolly-Mulcahy and Kimmage Development Studies Centre @ The Holy Ghost College, Dublin 6W.
ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT
Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the
Eirball | GAA World Archive
Last Updated: 16 November 2021
(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021
You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.
School Fun Day
We hosted our fifth annual School Fun Day last week Wednesday, and it was such a fun time with our students’ families and friends.
Want to join the Stratford family?
Mission Statement
Ever since Stratford first opened its doors, our mission has been to provide the absolute best learning environment, coupled with educators who care and who are amongst the most highly qualified in their field.
Want to join the Stratford family?
Arena Football League 1986-1991
AFL 1986-87
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Test Game | ||||
27.04.1986 | Rockford Metros | 30 | Chicago Politicians | 18 |
Showcase Game | ||||
27.02.1987 | Chicago Bruisers | 30 | Miami Vice | 33 |
AFL 1987
P | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pct | |
Pittsburgh Gladiators (C) | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 268 | 199 | .667 |
Denver Dynamite (P) | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 261 | 252 | .667 |
Chicago Bruisers | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 217 | 310 | .333 |
Washington Commandos | 6 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 288 | 273 | .333 |
Reference: [1]
Home Team | Away Team | ||
Arena Bowl I | |||
Denver Dynamite | 45 | Pittsburgh Gladiators | 16 |
Reference: [1]
AFL 1988
P | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pct | |
Chicago Bruisers (C) | 12 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 526 | 374 | .792 |
Detroit Drive (P) | 12 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 472 | 310 | .750 |
Pittsburgh Gladiators (P) | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 507 | 491 | .500 |
Los Angeles Cobras (P) | 12 | 5 | 6 | 1 | 463 | 449 | .458 |
New England Steamrollers | 12 | 3 | 9 | 0 | 330 | 506 | .250 |
New York Knights | 12 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 337 | 505 | .167 |
Reference: [1]
Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | |||
Detroit Drive | 34 | Pittsburgh Gladiators | 25 |
Chicago Bruisers | 29 | Los Angeles Cobras | 16 |
Arena Bowl II | |||
Detroit Drive | 24 | Chicago Bruisers | 13 |
Reference: [1]
AFL 1989
P | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pct | |
Detroit Drive (C) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 154 | 84 | .750 |
Denver Dynamite (P) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 159 | 147 | .750 |
Pittsburgh Gladiators (P) | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 159 | 147 | .750 |
Chicago Bruisers (P) | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 167 | 155 | .250 |
Maryland Commandos | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 79 | 170 | .000 |
Reference: [1]
Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | |||
Detroit Drive | 43 | Chicago Bruisers | 10 |
Pittsburgh Gladiators | 39 | Denver Dynamite | 37 |
Arena Bowl III | |||
Detroit Drive | 39 | Pittsburgh Gladiators | 26 |
AFL 1990
P | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pct | |
Detroit Drive (C) | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 326 | 215 | .750 |
Dallas Texans (P) | 8 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 299 | 308 | .750 |
Denver Dynamite (P) | 8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 289 | 287 | .500 |
Pittsburgh Gladiators (P) | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 289 | 287 | .375 |
Albany Firebirds | 8 | 3 | 5 | 0 | 188 | 268 | .375 |
Washington Commandos | 8 | 2 | 6 | 0 | 244 | 264 | .250 |
Home Team | Away Team | ||
First Round | |||
Detroit Drive | 61 | Pittsburgh Gladiators | 30 |
Dallas Texans | 26 | Denver Dynamite | 25 |
Arena Bowl IV | |||
Detroit Drive | 51 | Dallas Texans | 27 |
AFL 1991
P | W | L | T | PF | PA | Pct | |
*Detroit Drive | 10 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 437 | 262 | .900 |
*Tampa Bay Storm | 10 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 421 | 309 | .800 |
*Denver Dynamite | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 389 | 365 | .600 |
*Albany Firebirds | 10 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 427 | 342 | .600 |
Dallas Texans | 10 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 286 | 334 | .400 |
New Orleans Night | 10 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 314 | 401 | .400 |
Orlando Predators | 10 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 321 | 363 | .300 |
Columbus Thunderbolts | 10 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 241 | 460 | .000 |
Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | |||
Detroit Drive | 37 | Albany Firebirds | 35 |
Tampa Bay Storm | 40 | Denver Dynamite | 13 |
Arena Bowl V | |||
Tampa Ba Storm | 48 | Detroit Drive | 42 |
Report
On February 11, 1981, James Foster witnessed an Indoor Soccer game at Madison Square Garden, and drew out the outline of an Indoor American Football field on a manilla envelope, using the same basic premise of a football field on a converted Ice Hockey rink. [2]
The first AFL test game was held on 27 April 1986 in Rockford, Illinois between the Rockford Metros and Chicago Politicians , and following positive public response the first “showcase game” in Chicago in front of 8,200 fans on February 27, 1987. [2; 4-5]
The AFL debut season began on 19 June 1987, with four teams: Chicago Bruisers, Denver Dynamite, Pittsburgh Gladiators & Washington Comandos. Denver Dynamite won Arena Bowl I, defeating Pittsburgh Gladiators 45-16 [2]
The second AFL season featued an additional three teams: Los Angeles Cobras, New England Steamrollers & New York Knights, who played only that season. Washington Commandos sat out the season Detroit Drive won Arena Bowl II, 24-13 over Chicago Bruisers. [2]
The third AFL season, in 1989, was a shortened four-game season, with five teams, including the returned Commandos, now playing in Maryland. Detroit again won the Arena Bowl, beating Pittsburgh 39-26. Following the season, the league played two successful exhibition games in Paris (France) & London (England). THE US Patent office granted the league a Patent, making it the first patented, rival-free sports league in history. [2]
the fourth AFL season, saw an expansion of two teams: Albany Firebirds & Dallas Texans, with Chicago dropping out. Detroit Drive won the Arena Bowl for the third year in succession, defeating Dallas 51-27. [2]
A further expansion in 1991, saw teams added in Orlando (Predators) and New Orleans (Night) and Columbus (Thunderbolts), with Pittsburgh relocating to Tampa Bay, becoming the Storm and the Commandos ceasing operation.The league’s expansion into the Southeast would prove enduringly successful, with the Tampa Bay & Orlando franchises remaing in existence right through to the league’s waning years in the late-2010s. Detroit was defeated in the Arena Bowl 48-42 by the Tampa Bay Storm, ending the Drive’s attempts at a four-in-a-row. [2]
In 1992 the league expanded to 12 teams and three divisions, ending the AFL’s formative years, and beginning the AFL’s rise to become what the Wall Street Journal called the fifth Major [2].
References:
Bibliography
[1] Arena Football League (2016) “2016 Record and Fact Book” pp. 57-65.
[2] Arena Football League (2016) “2016 Record and Fact Book” pp. 52-56.
Social Media
[3] Arena Fan Facebook Page (2021) Post, April 27, 1987 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/arenafan/posts/10160818695018222 [Accessed 4 June 2021]
Websites
[4] Arena Fan (2021) History 1986 Schedule [Internet] Available from: http://www.arenafan.com/history/?page=yearly&histleague=1&fpage=schedule&year=1986 [Accessed 4 June 2021]
[5] Arena Fan (2021) History 1987 Schedule [Internet] Available from: http://www.arenafan.com/history/?page=yearly&histleague=1&fpage=schedule&year=1987 [Accessed 4 June 2021]
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Richard Conville, Conor Lynch, Maurice Lynch, Dylan Brennan, Jonathan Brennan, Simon Brennan & Robert Byron.
About this document
Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the
Eirball – Irish North American & World Sports Archive
Last Updated: 4 June 2021
(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019-21
You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved. The Logos and Photos used in this article remain the property of the organisations and individuals which own the copyright and are used here for educational and information purposes only.
School Fun Day
We hosted our fifth annual School Fun Day last week Wednesday, and it was such a fun time with our students’ families and friends.
Want to join the Stratford family?
Mission Statement
Ever since Stratford first opened its doors, our mission has been to provide the absolute best learning environment, coupled with educators who care and who are amongst the most highly qualified in their field.
Want to join the Stratford family?
Irish Roller Hockey Association Roller Hockey League 1995
Standings
P | W | L | D | F | A | Pts | |
The Stars | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 4 |
Mighty Ducks | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 7 | 3 |
Raptors | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 11 | 2 |
Roadrunners | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 11 | 2 |
The Wolves | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 11 | 1 |
The Bulldogs | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 8 | 16 | 0 |
Note: Standings after 2 Weeks.
Results
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Week 1 | ||||
15.10.1995 | The Stars | 7 | Roadrunners | 3 |
15.10.1995 | Raptors | 7 | Bulldogs | 4 |
15.10.1995 | The Wolves | 4 | Mighty Ducks | 4 |
Week 2 | ||||
22.10.1995 | The Stars | 7 | The Wolves | 2 |
22.10.1995 | Mighty Ducks | 7 | Raptors | 3 |
22.10.1995 | Bulldogs | 4 | Roadrunners | 9 |
Week 3 | ||||
05.11.1995 | Mighty Ducks | Roadrunners | ||
05.11.1995 | Raptors | The Stars | ||
05.11.1995 | Bulldogs | The Wolves |
Report
The Stars were top of the Roller Hockey League after two games in 1995, with a 7-3 win over the Roadrunners and a 7-2 defeat of The Wolves. Mighty Ducks were in second place with a win and a draw, and then the Raptors and Roadrunners with one win each. The Wolves, with one point and the winless Bulldogs propped up the table.
About Roller Hockey
Roller Hockey is the National Sport of Portugal, and is a version of Inline Hockey (or indeed Ice Hockey or Bandy) played with Quads (four wheels – one at each corner of the skate) and a ball rather than a puck. Roller Hockey has been played in Ireland since at least 1910. The National League in Portugal is the top league in the World, featuring such teams as the giant soccer organisatons FC Porto, Benfica SL and Sporting Clube de Portugal.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Fiona Corrigan
About this document
Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the
Eirball | GAA World Archive
Last Updated: 16 November 2020
(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020
You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.Advertisements
Ireland Water Polo Men’s National League Premier Division 2011-2016
IWP MNL Premier 2013-14
P | W | D | L | F | A | GD | Pts | |
St. Vincent’s | 11 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 133 | 75 | 58 | 26 |
Cathal Brugha | 10 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 128 | 88 | 40 | 23 |
Half Moon | 10 | 7 | 1 | 2 | 155 | 82 | 73 | 22 |
Sandycove | 12 | 6 | 2 | 4 | 121 | 99 | 22 | 20 |
Clonard | 11 | 4 | 0 | 7 | 84 | 129 | -35 | 12 |
North Dublin | 10 | 2 | 1 | 7 | 83 | 97 | -14 | 7 |
Cork | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 66 | 192 | -126 | 0 |
IWP MNL Premier 2014-15
P | W | L | D | GD | Pts | |
Half Moon | 12 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 34 | 27 |
St. Vincent’s B | 12 | 8 | 3 | 1 | 33 | 25 |
Sandycove | 12 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 45 | 24 |
Cathal Brugha | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 33 | 22 |
North Dublin | 12 | 5 | 7 | 0 | -15 | 15 |
Clonard | 12 | 3 | 9 | 0 | -41 | 9 |
St. Vincent’s A | 12 | 1 | 11 | 0 | -89 | 2 |
IWP MNL Premier 2015-16
P | W | L | D | GD | Pts | |
Cathal Brugha | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 95 | 37 |
St. Vincent’s B | 14 | 9 | 2 | 3 | 76 | 30 |
Half Moon | 13 | 8 | 5 | 0 | 62 | 24 |
Sandycove | 14 | 7 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 23 |
North Dublin | 14 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 20 |
Setanta | 12 | 4 | 8 | 0 | -69 | 12 |
St. Vincent’s A | 14 | 3 | 11 | 0 | -76 | 9 |
Clonard | 14 | 1 | 13 | 0 | -111 | 3 |
References
Images
[1] Ireland Water Polo (2014) Ireland Water Polo Logo [Internet] Available from: https://irelandwaterpolo.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/ireland-water-polo.png [Accessed 21 February 2017]
Websites
[5] Swim Ireland (2016) Fixtures 2013-14 [Internet] Available from: http://irelandwaterpolo.files.worpdress.com/2012/10/league-table-apr1.pdf [Accessed 18 September 2018]
[7] Swim Ireland (2016) Fixtures 2015-16 [Internet] Available from: http://www.swimireland.ie/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/03/Fixtures-April-2.pdf [Accessed 28 October 2016]
[8] Swim Ireland (2017) League Table Results 2016-17 [Internet] Availabble from: http://www.swimireland.ie/other-water-sports/water-polo/league-tablesresults/ [Accessed 16 February 2017]
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Laurence O’Toole.
About this document
Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the
Eirball – Irish North American and World Sports Archive
Last Updated: 9 October 2020
(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020
You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.
Pro 12 Rugby 2010-2017
Magners League 2010-11
P | W | D | L | BP | Pts | |
*Munster | 22 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 7 | 83 |
*Leinster | 22 | 15 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 70 |
*Ulster | 22 | 15 | 1 | 6 | 5 | 67 |
*Ospreys | 22 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 13 | 63 |
Scarlets | 22 | 12 | 1 | 9 | 12 | 62 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 6 | 60 |
Dragons | 22 | 10 | 1 | 11 | 7 | 49 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 9 | 0 | 13 | 7 | 43 |
Connacht | 22 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 9 | 39 |
Benetton Treviso | 22 | 9 | 0 | 13 | 2 | 38 |
Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 7 | 33 |
Aironi | 22 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 8 | 12 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
14.05.2011 | Munster | 18 | Ospreys | 11 |
13.05.2011 | Leinster | 18 | Ulster | 3 |
Final | ||||
28.05.2011 | Munster | 19 | Leinster | 9 |
Pro 12 2011-12
P | W | D | L | F | A | BP | Pts | |
Leinster | 22 | 18 | 1 | 3 | 568 | 326 | 7 | 81 |
Ospreys | 22 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 491 | 337 | 5 | 71 |
Munster | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 489 | 367 | 9 | 67 |
Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 13 | 4 | 5 | 445 | 321 | 5 | 65 |
Scarlets | 22 | 12 | 2 | 8 | 446 | 373 | 10 | 62 |
Ulster | 22 | 12 | 0 | 10 | 474 | 424 | 8 | 56 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 10 | 0 | 12 | 446 | 460 | 10 | 50 |
Connacht | 22 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 321 | 433 | 7 | 37 |
Dragons | 22 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 370 | 474 | 6 | 36 |
Treviso | 22 | 7 | 0 | 15 | 419 | 558 | 8 | 36 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 6 | 1 | 15 | 454 | 588 | 6 | 32 |
Aironi | 22 | 4 | 0 | 18 | 289 | 551 | 6 | 22 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
12.05.2012 | Leinster | 19 | Glasgow Warriors | 15 |
11.05.2012 | Ospreys | 45 | Munster | 10 |
Final | ||||
27.05.2012 | Leinster | 30 | Ospreys | 31 |
Pro 12 2012-13
P | W | D | L | F | A | BP | Pts | |
Ulster | 22 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 577 | 348 | 11 | 81 |
Leinster | 22 | 17 | 0 | 5 | 585 | 386 | 10 | 78 |
Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 16 | 0 | 6 | 541 | 324 | 12 | 76 |
Scarlets | 22 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 436 | 406 | 6 | 66 |
Ospreys | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 471 | 342 | 4 | 62 |
Munster | 22 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 442 | 389 | 8 | 54 |
Treviso | 22 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 414 | 450 | 6 | 50 |
Connacht | 22 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 358 | 422 | 4 | 38 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 348 | 487 | 6 | 38 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 7 | 0 | 15 | 399 | 504 | 8 | 36 |
Dragons | 22 | 6 | 0 | 16 | 358 | 589 | 4 | 28 |
Zebre | 22 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 291 | 573 | 10 | 10 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
11.05.2013 | Leinster | 17 | Glasgow Warriors | 15 |
10.05.2013 | Ulster | 28 | Scarlets | 17 |
Final | ||||
25.05.2013 | Leinster | 24 | Ulster | 18 |
Pro 12 2013-14
P | W | D | L | F | A | BP | Pts | |
Leinster | 22 | 17 | 1 | 4 | 554 | 352 | 12 | 82 |
Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 18 | 0 | 4 | 484 | 309 | 7 | 79 |
Munster | 22 | 16 | 0 | 6 | 538 | 319 | 10 | 74 |
Ulster | 22 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 470 | 319 | 10 | 70 |
Ospreys | 22 | 13 | 1 | 8 | 571 | 388 | 12 | 68 |
Scarlets | 22 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 435 | 438 | 9 | 55 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 8 | 1 | 13 | 425 | 538 | 7 | 41 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 7 | 0 | 15 | 397 | 520 | 10 | 38 |
Newport-Gwent Dragons | 22 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 382 | 492 | 5 | 35 |
Connacht | 22 | 6 | 0 | 16 | 371 | 509 | 11 | 35 |
Benetton Treviso | 22 | 5 | 1 | 16 | 376 | 591 | 8 | 30 |
Zebre | 22 | 5 | 2 | 15 | 347 | 559 | 5 | 29 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
17.05.2014 | Leinster | 13 | Ulster | 9 |
16.05.2014 | Glasgow Warriors | 16 | Munster | 15 |
Final | ||||
31.05.2014 | Leinster | 34 | Glasgow Warriors | 12 |
Pro 12 2014-15
P | W | D | L | F | A | BP | Pts | |
*Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 540 | 360 | 9 | 75 |
*Munster | 22 | 15 | 2 | 5 | 581 | 367 | 11 | 75 |
*Ospreys | 22 | 16 | 1 | 5 | 546 | 358 | 8 | 74 |
*Ulster | 22 | 14 | 2 | 6 | 524 | 372 | 9 | 69 |
Leinster | 22 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 483 | 375 | 12 | 62 |
Scarlets | 22 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 452 | 388 | 7 | 57 |
Connacht | 22 | 10 | 1 | 11 | 447 | 419 | 8 | 50 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 10 | 1 | 11 | 399 | 419 | 6 | 48 |
Newport-Gwent Dragons | 22 | 8 | 0 | 14 | 393 | 484 | 10 | 42 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 7 | 1 | 14 | 430 | 545 | 5 | 35 |
Benetton Treviso | 22 | 3 | 1 | 18 | 306 | 641 | 5 | 19 |
Zebre | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 | 266 | 539 | 3 | 15 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
23.05.2015 | Munster | 21 | Ospreys | 18 |
22.05.2015 | Glasgow Warriors | 16 | Ulster | 14 |
Final | ||||
30.05.2015 | Munster | 13 | Glasgow Warriors | 31 |
Pro 12 2015-16
P | W | D | L | F | A | TB | LB | Pts | |
Leinster | 22 | 16 | 0 | 6 | 458 | 290 | 6 | 3 | 73 |
Connacht | 22 | 15 | 0 | 7 | 507 | 406 | 8 | 5 | 73 |
Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 557 | 380 | 8 | 6 | 72 |
Ulster | 22 | 14 | 0 | 8 | 488 | 307 | 8 | 5 | 69 |
Scarlets | 22 | 14 | 0 | 8 | 477 | 458 | 2 | 5 | 63 |
Munster | 22 | 13 | 0 | 9 | 459 | 417 | 6 | 5 | 63 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 542 | 461 | 5 | 7 | 56 |
Ospreys | 22 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 490 | 455 | 6 | 3 | 55 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 405 | 366 | 2 | 8 | 54 |
Newport-Gwent Dragons | 22 | 4 | 0 | 18 | 353 | 492 | 0 | 10 | 26 |
Zebre | 22 | 5 | 0 | 17 | 308 | 718 | 3 | 1 | 24 |
Benetton Treviso | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 | 320 | 614 | 0 | 8 | 20 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
21.05.2016 | Connacht | 16 | Glasgow Warriors | 11 |
20.05.2016 | Leinster | 30 | Ulster | 18 |
Final | ||||
28.05.2016 | Connacht | 20 | Leinster | 10 |
Pro 12 2016-17
P | W | D | L | BP | Pts | |
*Munster | 22 | 19 | 0 | 3 | 10 | 86 |
*Leinster | 22 | 18 | 0 | 4 | 13 | 85 |
*Scarlets | 22 | 17 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 77 |
*Ospreys | 22 | 14 | 0 | 8 | 13 | 69 |
Ulster | 22 | 14 | 1 | 7 | 10 | 68 |
Glasgow Warriors | 22 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 14 | 58 |
Cardiff Blues | 22 | 11 | 1 | 10 | 7 | 53 |
Connacht | 22 | 9 | 0 | 13 | 8 | 44 |
Edinburgh | 22 | 6 | 0 | 16 | 7 | 31 |
Benetton Treviso | 22 | 5 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 23 |
Dragons | 22 | 4 | 0 | 18 | 7 | 23 |
Zebre | 22 | 3 | 0 | 19 | 7 | 19 |
Date | Home Team | Away Team | ||
Semi-Finals | ||||
20.05.2017 | Munster | 23 | Ospreys | 3 |
19.05.2017 | Leinster | 15 | Scarlets | 27 |
Final | ||||
27.05.2017 | Munster | 22 | Scarlets | 46 |
Report
In the seven seasons the Pro 12 operated as a 12-team League, Irish Provinces dominated, winning four of the seven Championships. Leinster won the Championship in 2012-13 and 2013-14, Munster were Champions in 2010-11, and Connacht triumphed for the first time in 2015-16. Welsh sides Ospreys (based in Swansea) won in 2011-12, and Scarlets (based in Llanelli) won in 2016-17, with Glasgow Warriors winning it for Scotland in 2014-15.
The Pro 12, run by Celtic Rugby Ltd, became a 12-team League in 2010-11 with the admission of two Italian teams, with each team playing home & away for a 22-game season plus a Final Series featuring the Top 4. After one year where it continued to be known as the Magners League due to sponsorship reasons it changed its name to the Pro 12.
In addition the top teams qualified for the European Champions Cup alongside the Top French (Top 14) and English (Premiership) teams. After 2017, two South African Provinces, Southern Kings and Cheetahs were admitted, changing the name of the League to the Pro 14.
References
Sources
[4] Anon. (2012) “FIXTURES AND SPORT IN BRIEF: RUGBY” Irish Independent. Monday, May 13, 2012. pg. 46-47 (Sport 15).
[5] Anon. (2013) “FIXTURES AND SPORT IN BRIEF: RUGBY” Irish Independent. Monday, May 5, 2013. pg. 44-45 (Sport 13).
[6] Anon. (2014) “SCOREBOARD” Irish Independent. Monday, May 12, 2014. pg. 48-49.
[7] Anon. (2015) “SCOREBOARD” Irish Independent. Monday, May 18, 2015. pg. 62-63.
Websites
[1] Wikipedia (2018) Pro 12 Logo [Internet] Available from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/it/d/d7/Pro12_Logo.jpg [Accessed 14 April 2018]
[8] Guinness Pro 12 (2016) CHAMPIONSHIP TABLE [Internet] Available from: http://www.pro12rugby.com/championship-table/ [Accessed 24 December 2016]
[9] Guinness Pro 12 (2016) HISTORIC RESULTS [Internet] Available from: http://www.pro12rugby.com/results/ [Accessed 24 December 2016]
[10] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2011/12 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2012 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
[11] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2012/13 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2013 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
[12] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2013/14 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2014 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
[13] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2014/15 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2015 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
[14] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2015/16 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2016 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
[15] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2016/17 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2017 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
[16] Pro 14 Rugby (2020) Table 2010/11 [Internet] Available from: https://www.pro14.rugby/match-centre/table/2011 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
Images
[16] Fandom Logopedia (2020) Guinness_Pro12_logo [Internet] Available from: https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/logopedia/images/7/7d/Guinness_Pro12_logo.png/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/340?cb=20140722174324 [Accessed 2 August 2020]
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Malcolm O’Kelly.
About this document
Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the
Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive
Last Updated: 2 August 2020
(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2018-2020
You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.