Category: World Gridiron

National Arena League 2020

National Arena League Logo [Reference: 3]

Standings

PWLTPFPAPct
Columbus Lions
Massachusetts Pirates
Jacksonville Sharks
Carolina Cobras
Orlando Predators
West Virginia Roughriders
Jersey Flight
National Arena League Standings 2020 [Reference: 1]

Playoffs Schedule

DateHome TeamAway Team
Playoffs
25.07.2020#1 Seed#4 Seed
26.07.2020#2 Seed#3 Seed
NAL Championship
08.08.2020PO 1 WinnersPO 2 Winners
National Arena League 2020 Playoffs [Reference: 2]

Regular Season Schedule

DateHome TeamAway Team
Week 1
04.04.2020West Virginia RoughridersJacksonville Sharks
Week 2
10.04.2020Carolina CobrasWest Virginia Roughriders
11.04.2020New Jersey FlightJacksonville Sharks
11.04.2020Massachusetts PiratesOrlando Predators
Week 3
17.04.2020Columbus LionsJacksonville Sharks
18.04.2020Massachusetts PiratesNew Jersey Flight
18.04.2020West Virginia RoughridersCarolina Cobras
Week 4
25.04.2020Carolina CobrasOrlando Predators
25.04.2020New Jersey FlightColumbus Lions
25.04.2020Jacksonville SharksMassachusetts Pirates
Week 5
01.05.2020New Jersey FlightMassachusetts Pirates
02.05.2020Columbus LionsOrlando Predators
02.05.2020Jacksonville SharksWest Virginia Roughriders
Week 6
08.05.2020Massachusetts PiratesCarolina Cobras
09.05.2020Orlando PredatorsJacksonville Sharks
09.05.2020West Virginia RoughridersNew Jersey Flight
Week 7
16.05.2020Carolina CobrasMassachusetts Pirates
16.05.2020Jacksonville SharksOrlando Predators
17.05.2020Columbus LionsNew Jersey Flight
Week 8
22.05.2020Orlando PredatorsMassachusetts Pirates
23.05.2020West Virginia RoughridersColumbus Lions
Week 9
30.05.2020Jacksonville SharksColumbus Lions
30.05.2020Carolina CobrasNew Jersey Flight
30.05.2020Massachusetts PiratesWest Virginia Roughriders
Week 10
05.06.2020Orlando PredatorsNew Jersey Flight
06.06.2020Columbus LionsWest Virginia Roughriders
06.06.2020Jacksonville SharksCarolina Cobras
Week 11
13.06.2020Massachusetts PiratesColumbus Lions
13.06.2020Orlando PredatorsWest Virginia Roughriders
13.06.2020New Jersey FlightCarolina Cobras
Week 12
20.06.2020Carolina CobrasJacksonville Sharks
20.06.2020West Virginia RoughridersOrlando Predators
20.06.2020Massachusetts PiratesNew Jersey Flight
Week 13
27.06.2020Columbus LionsMassachusetts Pirates
27.06.2020Jacksonville SharksNew Jersey Flight
28.06.2020Orlando PredatorsCarolina Cobras
Week 14
02.07.2020New Jersey FlightWest Virginia Roughriders
03.07.2020Orlando PredatorsColumbus Lions
Week 15
11.07.2020Massachusetts PiratesJacksonville Sharks
11.07.2020New Jersey FlightOrlando Predators
11.07.2020Carolina CobrasColumbus Lions
Week 16
18.07.2020Columbus LionsCarolina Cobras
18.07.2020Jacksonville SharksOrlando Predators
18.07.2020West Virginia RoughridersMassachusetts Pirates
National Arena League Regular Season Schedule 2020 [Reference: 2]

Home Venues

TeamHome VenueCapacity
Carolina CobrasGreensboro Coliseum, Greensboro, No. Carolina NC 274037,000
Columbus LionsColumbus Civic Center, Columbus, Georgia GA 319017,573
Jacksonville SharksJAX Veterans Memorial Arena, Jacksonville, Florida FL 3220413,011
Jersey FlightCURE Insurance Arena, Trenton, New Jersey NJ 086297,605
Massachusetts PiratesDCU Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, MA 0160814,800
Orlando PredatorsAmway Center, Orlando, Florida FL 3280617,192
West Virginia RoughridersWesBanco Arena, Wheeling, West Virginia, WV 260035,406
National Arena League Home Venues 2020 [Reference: 1]

Team Changes Since 2019

New York Streets left the NAL.

West Virginia Roughriders joined the NAL after a 10-0 Regular Season Record, and Championship win in the American Arena League in 2019 [Reference: 2]

New Jersey Flight also joined from the AAL after a 2-1 season in 2019 (they joined the League late due to an ownership change)

About the NAL

The National Arena Football is a AA (Third Level) American Football League based primarily in the Northeastern & Southeastern States of the USA. It is one of 4 AA Indoor Football Leagues in the USA, the others in the Eastern Seaboard (American Arena League), Midwest & Southwest (Champions Indoor Football) and West (American West Football Conference).

About Arena / Indoor Football

Indoor (also known as Arena) Football plays an 8 v 8 version of American Football on a converted Ice Hockey Rink 50-yards long with 2 10 -yard endzones. Teams have 5 downs (attempts) to score or the ball is turned over – 3 of which must be passing plays. It is therefore a higher scoring game than standard 11 v 11 American Football. The main difference between Arena Football and Indoor Football is that there is no rebound net either side of the goalposts in Indoor Football. Arena Football rules allow the ball stay in play when it comas back off the rebound nets.

Websites

[3] National Arena League (2020) NAL Team Directory [Internet] Available from: http://www.nationalarenaleague.com/teams/nal-team-directory.html [Accessed 12 February 2020]

[3] National Arena League (2020) Schedule [Internet] Available from: http://www.nationalarenaleague.com/images/logo.png [Accessed 12 February 2020]

Images

[3] National Arena League (2018) logo [Internet] Available from: http://www.nationalarenaleague.com/images/logo.png [Accessed 26 November 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Todd Zboyan & Tim Leadingham.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 12 February 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Super 8 Football League Ladies Championship 2016-2017

Super 8 Football League Logo [Reference: 4]

S8FL Ladies Summer Baja 2016

PWLTPFPAPts
*Aguilas Marinas Ensenada65101343310
*Killer Bees Mexicali65101203210
Galgos Tijuana6240891304
Thundercats6060712030
Super 8 Football League Ladies Summer Championship Baja 2016 [Reference: 1]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Ladies Final
25.09.2016Killer Bees Mexicali0Aguilas Marinas Ensenada34
Super 8 Football League Ladies Final Baja 2016 [Reference: 1;3]

S8FL Ladies Fall Championship 2016

DateHome TeamAway Team
Ladies Fall Final
2016Ladies Thundercats45Espartanas19
Super 8 Football League Ladies Funal Fall 2016 [Reference: 3]

S8FL Mujeres-Verano Summer 2017

PWLTPFPAPts
Tigres Tijuana3210113444
*Lady Thundercats321056904
*Aguilas Marinas Ensenada202016510
Super 8 Football League Ladies Summer 2017 Standings [Reference: 2]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Ladies Final
10.09.2017Lady Thundercats13Aguilas Marinas Ensenada12
Super 8 Football League Ladies Summer 2017 Final [Reference: 2-3]

About

The Super 8 Football League is an Arena (Indoor) American Football League based in Baja California (Mexico) and Southern California & Nevada (United States). It plays the 8-v-8 Indoor (also know as Arena) style Football on a 50-yard Field with two 10-yard endzones.

The Ladies Championship was based in Baja, with the Lady Thundercats the only team from San Diego (California) in the League.

Aguilas Marinas Ensenada won the Championship in Summer 2016, and the Lady Thundercats in Fall 2016 & Summer 2017.

References

Internet Archive

[1] Super 8 Football League | Internet Archive (2016) Ladies 8s [Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20161107035223/http://super8footballleague.info/ladies8/ [Accessed 20 May 2018]

[1] Super 8 Football League | Internet Archive (2018) Ladies 8s [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20180726110309/http://super8footballleague.info/ladies8/ [Accessed 10 February 2020][Archived from the Original: http://super8footballleague.info/ladies8/ Accessed on 20 May 2018]

Websites

[3] Super 8 Football League (2018) History-About [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/history/ [Accessed 9 February 2020]

Images

[4] Super 8 Football League (2018) Super 8 Football League Logo [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/10378207_1545248759045177_2010222216677056541_n.jpg [Accessed 20 July 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Caroline Mitchell & Fiona Corrigan

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 10 February 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Super 8 Football League Bowls & Tournaments 2010-Present

Super 8 Football League Logo [Reference: 6]

Super 8 Football League Founders Bowl 2010

DateHome TeamAway Team
Founders Bowl
2010Astros Mexicali24Duo Sports Thundercats 36
Super 8 Football League Founders Bowl 2010 [Reference: 1]

Super 8 Football League West Coast Invitational Tournament 2011

DateHome TeamAway Team
Final
2011Duo Sports Thundercats29Moreno Valley Mercury0
Super 8 Football League West Coast Invitational Tournament 2011 [Reference: 1]

Super 8 Football League – Winter Bowl 2014

PWLTPFPAPts
Duo Sports Thundercats (C)880016
Bufalos Mexicali871014
Super 8 Football League Winter Bowl 2014 [Reference: 1]

Note: (C) Champions – other teams unknown.

Super 8 Football League – Winter Bowl 2015

PWLTPFPAPct
Duo Sports Thundercats880016
Bufalos Mexicali64208
All Blacks Tijuana72504
Desert Sentinels41302
Titans CUT50500
Super 8 Football League Winter Bowl 2015 [Reference: 2]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Ivierno Bowl II
2015Duo Sports Thundercats43Diablos Endsenada36
Super 8 Football League Invierno Bowl 2015 [Reference: 1]

Super 8 Football League – Arena Championship Series 2016

PWLTPFPAPts
Duo Sports Thundercats211078472
Desert Sentinels110035342
High Desert 49ers101012440
Super 8 Football League Arena Championship Series 2016 [Reference: 3]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Championship
2016Desert Sentinels45Duo sports Thundercats34
Super 8 Football League Arena Championship Series Final 2016 [Reference: 1]

Super 8 Football League – Copa Tijuana 2017

 PWLTPFPAPct
Duo Sports Thundercats44001751048
All Blacks Tijuana4220951304
Aztecas Tijuana40401081440
Super 8 Football League Copa Tijuana Standings 2017 [Reference: 4]

Super 8 Football League Battle 4 San Diego Tournament 2017

DateHome TeamAway Team
Final
2017West Valley Cardinals38Duo Sports Thundercats34
Super 8 Football League Battle 4 San Diego Tournament 2017 [Reference: 10]

Super 8 Football League Nor Cal Fall Series 2019

PWLTPFPAPts
Super 8 Nor Cal Fall Series
Sacramento Underdogs110024182
East Valley Bandits101018240
Bay area Fighting Islanders10106460
Super 8 Intersection Fall 2019
Duo Sports Thundercats11004662
Super 8 Football League West Coast Fall 2019 Standings [Reference: 5]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Nor Cal Bowl
2019Sacramento Underdogs24East Valley Bandits18
Super 8 Football League Nor Cal Bowl 2019 [Reference: 10]

Super 8 Football League Battle 4 San Diego tournament 2019

PWLTPFPAPct
Duo Sports Thundercats220053221.000
Mecca Town Bulldogs21103229.500
California Rhinos20201650.000
Super 8 Football League Battle 4 San Diego Tournament 2 2019 [Reference: Compiled from Results in 5]

References

Websites

[1] Super 8 Football League (2020) History-About [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/history/ [Accessed 9 February 2020]

[2] Super 8 Football League (2018) Super 8 Football League [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/page/3/ [Accessed 20 May 2018]

[4] Super 8 Football League (2017) Super 8 – Copa Tijuana [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/super8baja/ [Accessed 20 May 2018]

[5] Super 8 Football League (2018) Super 8 West Coast 2019 [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/super8westcoast/ [Accessed 9 February 2020]

Internet Archive

[3] Super 8 Football League | Internet Archive (2016) Tournaments [Internet] Available from: http://web.archive.org/web/20160331160157/http://super8footballleague.info/tournaments-2/ [Accessed 10 February 2020]

Images

[6] Super 8 Football League (2018) Super 8 Football League Logo [Internet] Available from: http://super8footballleague.info/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/10378207_1545248759045177_2010222216677056541_n.jpg [Accessed 20 July 2019]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Eoin O’Fearghaill

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 10 February 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

Liga Football Americano (Mexico) 2020

Liga Football Americano Mexico Logo 2019-Present [Reference: 3]

Standings

PWLTPFPAPct
Division Nord
Raptors de Edomex541012182100
Dinos de Saltillo52308682100
Fundidores de Monterrey523010710740
Pioneros de Queretaro5140681160
Division Centro
CDMX Condors54101124480
Osos de Toluca5320938960
Artilleros de Puebla5320778160
CDMX Mexicas51404010320
Liga Football Americano Mexico Standings 2020 [Reference: 1]

Playoff Schedule

DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
01.05.20201 Norte2 Norte
03.05.20201 Centro2 Centro
Tazon Mexico V
17.05.2020NorteCentro
Liga Football Americano Mexico Playoffs 2020 [Reference: 2]

Regular Season Results & Schedule

DateHome TeamAway Team
Week 1
07.02.2020CDMX Mexicas5Raptors de Edomex13
08.02.2020Pioneros de Queretaro7CDMX Condors29
08.02.2020Saltillo Dinos12Artilleros de Puebla10
09.02.2020Osos de Toluca14Fundidores de Monterrey20
Week 2
14.02.2020Fundidores de Monterrey15Saltillo Dinos23
15.02.2020Artilleros de Puebla24CDMX Mexicas26
15.02.2020Raptors de Edomex19Pioneros de Queretaro2
16.02.2020Osos de Toluca10CDMX Condors27
Week 3
22.02.2020CDMX Mexicas15Osos de Toluca16
22.02.2020Saltillo Dinos30Raptors de Edomex29
23.02.2020CDMX Condors29Artilleros de Puebla18
23.02.2020Pioneros de Queretaro3Fundidores de Monterrey23
Week 4
28.02.2020Fundidores de Monterrey19CDMX Mexicas13
29.02.2020Artilleros de Puebla24Pioneros de Queretaro19
29.02.2020Raptors de Edomex23Osos de Toluca7
01.03.2020CDMX Condors26Saltillo Dinos20
Week 5
07.03.2020CDMX Mexicas27CDMX Condors10
07.03.2020Raptors de Edomex28Fundidores de Monterrey0
07.03.2020Saltillo Dinos8Pioneros de Queretaro9
08.03.2020Osos de Toluca21Artilleros de Puebla31
Week 6
21.03.2020CDMX CondorsOsos de Toluca
21.03.2020Saltillo DinosFundidores de Monterrey
21.03.2020CDMX MexicasArtilleros de Puebla
22.03.2020Pioneros de QueretaroRaptors de Edomex
Week 7
27.03.2020Fundidores de MonterreyPioneros de Queretaro
28.03.2020Artilleros de PueblaCDMX Condors
28.03.2020Raptors de EdomexSaltillo Dinos
29.03.2020Osos de TolucaCDMX Mexicas
Week 8
04.04.2020Artilleros de PueblaFundidores de Monterrey
04.04.2020CDMX CondorsRaptors de Edomex
04.04.2020Saltillo DinosOsos de Toluca
05.04.2020Pioneros de QueretaroCDMX Mexicas
Week 9
17.04.2020Fundidores de MonterreyCDMX Condors
18.04.2020Raptors de EdomexArtilleros de Puebla
19.04.2020Osos de TolucaPioneros de Queretaro
19.04.2020CDMX MexicasSaltillo Dinos
Week 10
24.04.2020Fundidores de MonterreyRaptors de Edomex
25.05.2020Artilleros de PueblaOsos de Toluca
25.05.2020CDMX CondorsCDMX Mexicas
26.04.2020Pioneros de QueretaroSaltillo Dinos
Liga Football Americano Mexico Regular Season Results 2020 [Reference: 2]

Home Venues

TeamHome Venue
Division Norte
Edomex RaptorsEstadio JOM UVM, Lomas Verdes
Monterrey FundidoresNuevo Estadio ITESM Monterrey, Nuevo Leon
Queretaro PionerosEstadio Deportivo El Pueblito, Queretaro
Saltillo DinosEstadio Olimpico de Saltillo
Division Centro
CDMX CondorsEsatadio ITESM Santa Fe
CDMX MexicasEstadio Perros Negros, Naucalpan
Puebla ArtillerosEstadio Olimpico Universitario BUAP
Toluca OsosEstadio Universidad Siglo XXI
LFA Mexico Home Venues 2020 [Reference: 2]

Report

The 2020 Liga Futbol Americano was the 5th season of the Major Professional American Football League in Mexico. CDMX Mayas took the season out, intending to return in 2021, with Pioneros de Queretaro moving up from Futbol American de Mexico having won it in 2019.

The League was suspended after week 5 due to the COVID-19 virus outbreak, with Condors CDMX two games ahead of CDMX Mexicas and Artilleros de Puebla on a 4-1 record in Division Norte, and Raptors de Edomex, chasing their first ever League title, on 4-1 also in Division Centro, one game ahead of Dinos de Saltillo and Fundidores de Monterrey.

References

Websites

[1] Liga Football Americano Mexico (2020) Standings [Internet] Available from: https://lfa.mx/standings-lfa-2020/ [Accessed 17 April 2020]

[2] Liga Football Americano Mexico (2020) Schedule [Internet] Available from: https://lfa.mx/calendario-lfa-2020/ [Accessed 17 April 2020]

Images

[6] Liga Football Americano Mexico (2019) LFA 2018 Logo [Internet] Available from: https://i1.wp.com/lfa.mx/2018/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/LFAlogonew.png?fit=734%2C734&ssl=1 [Accessed 1 August 2018]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Caroline Mitchell & Francesco

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 17 April 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Woman's Football Alliance Division I 2017-Present

Woman’s Football Alliance Logo [Reference: 7]

WFA Division 1 2017

PWLTPFPAPct
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
Northeast Region
*Boston Renegades77002321231.000
*Chicago Force871028966.875
*Pittsburgh Passion9720354159.778
*DC Divas9630230168.667
*Cleveland Fusion9540211133.556
Southeast Region
*Atlanta Phoenix9630366161.667
AMERICAN CONFERENCE
Pacific Region
*Central Cal War Angels7700287901.000
*Los Angeles Warriors9540262203.556
*San Diego Surge9630294195.667
Portland Shockwave871035374.875
Seattle Majestics871018677.875
Midwest Region
*Dallas Elite6600396601.000
*Minnesota Vixen9720266110.778
*Kansas City Titans9450197211.444
Arlington Impact8620250177.750
Woman’s Football Alliance Division I Final Standings 2017 [Reference: 1]
Weekend ofHome TeamAway Team
Postseason Week 1
10.06.2017Pittsburgh Passion34Atlanta Phoenix14
10.06.2017DC Divas28Cleveland Fusion6
10.06.2017Minnesota Vixen40Kansas City Titans6
10.06.2017Pacific Warriors30San Diego Surge51
Postseason Week 2
17.06.2017Boston Renegades27DC Divas24
17.06.2017Chicago Force45Pittsburgh Passion0
17.06.2017Dallas Elite53Minnesota Vixen0
17.06.2017Central Cal War Angels34San Diego Surge35
Postseason Week 3
08.07.2017Boston Renegades47Chicago Force33
08.07.2017Dallas Eite63San Diego Surge7
Postseason Week 4
21.07.2017Boston Renegades21Dallas Elite31
Woman’s Football Alliance Division 1 Playoffs 2017 [Reference: 2]

WFA Division I 2018

PWLTPFPAPct
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
Northeast Region
*DC Divas8620272119.750
*Pittsburgh Passion8710321111.875
*Boston Renegades8620239110.750
Southeast Region
*Atlanta Phoenix761016226.857
AMERICAN CONFERENCE
Pacific Region
*Los Angeles Warriors 9900262231.000
*Portland Fighting Shockwave8620181111.750
Midwest Region
*Kansas City Titans871036781.875
*Arlington Impact871029619.875
Dallas Elite853020665.625
Woman’s Football Alliance Division I Final Standings 2018 [Reference: 3]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Postseason Week 2
30.06.2018DC Divas56Atlanta Phoenix0
30.06.2018Pittsburgh Passion26Boston Renegades63
30.06.2018Kansas City Titans67Arlington Impact10
30.06.2018Los Angeles Warriors39Portland Fighting Shockwave6
Postseason Week 3
14.07.2018DC Divas32Boston Renegades34
14.07.2018Kansas City Titans14Los Angeles Warriors27
Postseason Week 4
27.07.2018Boston Renegades42Los Angeles Warriors18
Woman’s Football Alliance Division I Playoffs 2018 [Reference: 4]

WFA Division I 2019

PWLTFAPct
NATIONAL CONFERENCE
Northeast Region
*Boston Renegades4400206661.000
*DC Divas321015789.667
AMERICAN CONFERENCE
Pacific Region
*Cali War330016571.000
Portland Shockwave8710330151.875
Midwest Region
*Kansas City Titans40402761.000
*Arlington Impact431016634.750
Dallas Elite431013650.750
Woman’s Football Alliance Division I Final Standings 2019 [Reference: 5]
DAteHome TeamAway Team
Postseason Week 1
15.06.2019Kansas City Titans21Arlington Impact34
Postseason Week 2
29.06.2019Boston Renegades66DC Divas20
29.06.2019Cali War30Arlington Impact6
Postseason Week 3
13.07.2019Boston Renegades52Cali War24
Woman’s Football Alliance Division I Playoffs 2019 [Reference: 6]

About

The Woman’s Football Alliance is the Premier Women’s American Football League in the United States of America.

From 2017 onwards it has been split into three levels (Divisions’ I, II, III) with Inter-Division as well as Inter-Conference Play i.e. Teams plzay matches against those from their own Division, as well as playing teams from their own Region in Higher or Lower Divisions.

Report

Dallas Elite won the first Division I title in 20177, beating Boston Renegades 31-21 in the Final. The Renegades went one better the following season, winning 42-18 against the Los Angeles Warriors in the Final, and then repeating as Champions in 2019, beating another California team, Cali War 52-24.

References

[1] Women’s Football Alliance (2017) 2017 WFA National Rankings | WFA I [Internet] Available from: http://www.hostedsports.com/hsi_standings.asp?from=league_data&league=wfa&season=2017 [Accessed 30 January 2020]

[2] Women’s Football Alliance (2017) 2017 WFA Schedule and Scores | WFA I [Internet] Available from: http://www.hostedsports.com/hsi_schedule.asp?from=league_data&league=wfa&season=2017[Accessed 30 January 2020]

[3] Women’s Football Alliance (2018) 2018 WFA National Rankings | WFA I [Internet] Available from: http://www.hostedsports.com/hsi_standings.asp?from=league_data&league=wfa&season=2018 [Accessed 30 January 2020]

[4] Women’s Football Alliance (2017) 2018 WFA Schedule and Scores| WFA I [Internet] Available from: http://www.hostedsports.com/hsi_schedule.asp?from=league_data&league=wfa&season=2018 [Accessed 30 January 2020]

[5] Women’s Football Alliance (2019) 2019 WFA National Rankings| WFA I [Internet] Available from: http://www.hostedsports.com/hsi_standings.asp?from=league_data&league=wfa&season=2019 [Accessed 30 January 2020]

[6] Women’s Football Alliance (2017) 2019 WFA Schedule and Scores | WFA I [Internet] Available from: http://www.hostedsports.com/hsi_schedule.asp?from=league_data&league=wfa&season=2019 [Accessed 30 January 2020]

Images

[7] Women’s Football Alliance (2017) Header [Internet] Available from: https://www.hostedlogos.com/football/wfa/header_site_data.png [Accessed 30 January 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Brianna Wallace & Heather Foust (Dublin Bay Raptors)

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 31 May 2021

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2021

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

The Spring League 2017-Present

The Spring League Logo [Reference: 11]

TSL 2017

PWLTPFPAPct
Team North110014101.000
Team West11001061.000
Team South10101014.000
Team East1010610.000
The Spring League 2017 [References: 1-3]

TSL 2018

PWLTPFPAPct
Team West (C)220057301.000
Team East10101323.000
Team South10101734.000
Team North000000.000
The Spring League 2018 [References: Compiled from Results in 4-6]

TSL 2019

PWLTPFPAPct
Austin Generals (C)220045191.000
Team West21104938.500
Team North20201249.000
The Spring League 2019 [References: Compiled from Results in 8-10]

TSL 2020

PWLTPFPAPct
Las Vegas Hughes (C)220031131.000
TSL North21102121.500
TSL East20201331.000
The Spring League Final Standings 2020 [Ref: Compiled from Results in 13-15]

Report

All Spring League matches, of a short 2-game season for each of the four teams were played in Austin, Texas, from 2017 to 2019, with Team West winning the title in 2018, and Austin Generals (the renamed Team South – Reference: 7) winning both games in 2019, and taking the title undefeated. Las Vegas Hughes won the 2020 title, played in Las Vegas, with two wins from two games.

Austin Generals – The Spring League Champions 2019 [Reference: 12]

About

The Spring League is a AAA showcase league which plays all its’ games in one city to enable talent scouts from the NFL and CFL to view all the players in one location. As of March 23, 2020, the Spring League had seen 229 players sign professional contracts with Major or AAA Leagues since its’ first season in 2017: 90 with the National Football League, 51 with the Canadian Football League, 55 with the Alliance of American Football (AAA League 2019) and 33 with the XFL (AAA League 2020) [Ref: 16]

References

Social Media

[1] The Spring League (2017) Post “Game 1 of the Spring League season is in the books. The West beat the East, 10-6. Re-watch the broadcast right here.” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/videos/1922228818055558/[Accessed 24 January 2020]

[2] The Spring League (2017) Post April 16, 2017 “It’s a final from the Greenbrier: Hutson Mason’s North team edges the South squad, 14-10, in Game 2 of the weekend.” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/photos/a.1870863563192084/1923935811218192/?type=3 [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[3] The Spring League (2017) Post “Game 2 of the 2017 Spring League season is in the books, with the North beating the South, 14-10. You can re-watch most of the broadcast here. Note: the feed went out in the second half due to inclement weather.” [Internet] Available from:https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/videos/1922762241335549/ [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[4] The Spring League (2019) Videos April 7 2018 ““Running back Kalif Phillips follows up a 47 yard run with this short TD to seal it for #TeamWest”” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/videos/2102745346670570/ [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[5] The Spring League (2018) Videos April 13 2018 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/videos/2105339876411117/ [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[6] The Spring League (2017) Post April 13, 2018 “Relive the best moments of today’s first game between Team South and Team West, including Johnny Manziel’s Spring League finale. #TheSpringLeague” [0:18] [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2105339876411117[Accessed 24 January 2020]

[7] The Spring League (2017) Post March 21, 2019 “#ATX, we got you covered. For #TheSpringLeague 2019, Team South will go by a new hometown name: The Austin Generals.” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/posts/2337204383224664[Accessed 24 January 2020]

[8] The Spring League (2017) Post April 7, 2019 “OFFICIAL BOX SCORE FROM GAME 1 Team West 36 Team North 6” [Internet] Available from:https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/posts/2347421552202947 [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[9] The Spring League (2017) Post April 7, 2019 “OFFICIAL BOX SCORE FROM GAME 2 Austin Generals 13 Team North 6” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/posts/2347422305536205[Accessed 25 January 2020]

[10] The Spring League (2017) Post April 13 2019 “The Austin Generals closed The Spring League undefeated. Check out the full box score and play by play below of the Generals win over TSL West. Austin Generals 32 TSL West 13” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/posts/2350788071866295 [Accessed 25 January 2020]

Images

[11] The Spring League (2017) Profile Picture August 13, 2019 [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/68494309_2435273623417739_8497449137069883392_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&_nc_ohc=osM0If13hRYAX9kbxYM&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=3d2ef90b030c12beaf5c4be4b091d540&oe=5E9E9711[Accessed 25 January 2020]

[12] The Spring League (2017) Post April 13, 2019″The Austin Generals closed The Spring League undefeated. Check out the full box score and play by play below of the Generals win over TSL West. Austin Generals 32 TSL West 13″ [Internet] Available from: https://external-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/safe_image.php?d=AQBcmXVvDeOXu5NA&w=540&h=282&url=http%3A%2F%2Fthespringleague.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2019%2F04%2FJGZ10040.jpg&cfs=1&upscale=1&fallback=news_d_placeholder_publisher&_nc_hash=AQAhwenzQm3mN8Ue [Accessed 25 January 2020]

Websites

[13] The Spring League (2017) Post March 7, 2020″Game 1 ends with a final score of: Las Vegas Hughes: 14 TSL North: 7″ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/photos/a.1870863563192084/2630097563935343/?type=3 [Accessed 8 June 2020]

[14] The Spring League (2017) Post March 7, 2020″Game 2 has gone final! TSL North: 14 TSL East: 7″ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/photos/a.1870863563192084/2630133173931782/?type=3  [Accessed 8 June 2020]

[15] The Spring League (2017) Post March 11, 2020″DB Brandon Brice seals the game for Las Vegas capping off the final play with a pick-6. Las Vegas Hughes: 17 TSL East: 6″ [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/photos/a.1870863563192084/2633474570264309/?type=3  [Accessed 8 June 2020]

Social Media

[16] The Spring League (2020) Post March 23, 2020: ″Since 2017, the year #TheSpringLeague began play, 229 of our players have been signed to pro football contracts #NFL: 90 #CFL: 51 #AAF: 55 #XFL: 33″ [Internet] Available from:  https://www.facebook.com/thespringleague/posts/2643855175892915 [Accessed 8 June 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Todd Zboyan, Decy Maher, Sean Douglas, Anton Pippo O’Grady, Joe Grey, Brianna Wallace & Heather Foust.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 25 January 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and World Gridiron 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

FXF Football Xtremo Femenil (Mexico) 2019

FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Logo [Reference: 6]

FXF 2019

PWLTPFPAPts
Bulldogs761022010912
Leonas AC75202258710
Thunder75202117810
Dragones Rojo6330821006
Rockets7340901146
Demonias +7240851875
Vietnamitas7240691234
Panteras7250681354
Horda Dorada7070332030
Football Xtremo Femenil (Mexico) 2019 [Reference: 1]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
02.12.2019Leonas AC24Thunder20
02.12.2019Bulldogs6Dragones Rojos30
Gan Final FXF
09.12.2019Dragones Rojo12Leonas AC19
Football Xtremo Femenil (Mexico) Playoffs 2019 [Reference: 2-4]

About

The FXF Football Xtremo Femenil is a Mexican Women’s American Football League, playing fully kitted Football, in both senses of the word.

Leones AC won the title in 2019 beating Dragones Rojos 19-12 in the Gran Final FXF.

Leones AC – FXF Football Xtremo Femil (Mexico) Champions 2019 [Reference: 5]

References

Social Media

[1] FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Facebook (2019) Post November 25, 2019: “POWER RANKING JORNADA 7 Temporada Otoño FXF 2019” [Internet] Available from:https://www.facebook.com/LigaFXF/posts/2796563033741921 [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[2] FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Facebook (2019) Post December 2, 2019: “RESULTADOS SEMIFINAL FXF LEONAS A.C. 24 THUNDER 20 Leonas A.C Pasa a la gran final FXF” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaFXF/posts/2815067655224792 [Accessed 24 January 2020]

[3] FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Facebook (2019) Post December 2, 2019: “RESULTADOS SEMIFINAL FXF BULLDOGS 6 DRAGONES ROJOS 30 Dragones Rojos Pasa a la gran final FXF” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaFXF/posts/2815072018557689[Accessed 24 January 2020]

[4] FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Facebook (2019) Post December 9, 2019: “Felicidades Leonas A.C. Campeonas FXF” [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/LigaFXF/posts/2831454406919450[Accessed 24 January 2020]

Images

[5] FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Facebook (2019) Post December 9, 2019: “Felicidades Leonas A.C. Campeonas FXF” [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/79749586_2831454373586120_1510924294496976896_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&_nc_ohc=dOymvZnBquYAX8jQmKC&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=c045481873f52677f4f11968f4f19252&oe=5E9925EF[Accessed 24 January 2020]

[6] FXF Football Xtremo Femenil Facebook (2019) Profile Picture October 1, 2018: [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/42950829_2022959394435626_1224695815486832640_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&_nc_ohc=hd39XDmPFEoAX_naiNk&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=b050d7aaa11985d412abb18ae03b27db&oe=5E905577[Accessed 24 January 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Nora Mulcahy (nee Kingston)

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 January 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

X-League Extreme Football League 2020

X-League Extreme Football League Logo [Reference: 2]

Standings

 PWLTPFPAPct
Eastern Conference       
Chicago Blitz       
Atlanta Empire       
Kansas City Force       
Omaha Red Devils       
Western Conference       
Los Angeles Storm       
Austin Sound       
Denver Rush       
Seattle Thunder       
X-League Extreme Football League Standings 2020 [Reference: 1]

Playoff Schedule

DateHOme Team Away Team 
 Conference Championships Los Angeles 
29.08.2020    
29.08.2020    
 X Cup   
12.08.2020    
X-League Extreme Football League Playoffs 2020 [Reference: 1]

Schedule & Results

WeekDateHome Team Away Team 
111.04.2020Austin Sound Seattle Thunder 
224.04.2020Los Angeles Black Storm Atlanta Empire 
302.05.2020Denver Rush Chicago Blitz 
408.05.2020Kansas City Force Omaha Red Devils 
516.05.2020Austin Sound Atlanta Empire 
630.05.2020Chicago Blitz Kansas City Force 
705.06.2020Omaha Red Devils Chicago Blitz 
813.06.2020Denver Rush Austin Sound 
920.06.2020Atlanta Empire Seattle Thunder 
1027.06.2020Kansas City Force Los Angeles Black Storm 
1111.07.2020Chicago Blitz Denver Rush 
1218.07.2020Seattle Thunder Los Angeles Black Storm 
1325.07.2020Atlanta Empire Omaha Red Devils 
1431.07.2020Los Angeles Black Storm Denver Rush 
1508.08.2020Omaha Red Devils Austin Sound 
1615.08.2020Seattle Thunder Kansas City Force 
X-League Extreme Football League Schedule 2020 [Reference: 1]

About

Websites

[1] X-League Extreme Football League (2020) Schedule [Internet] Available from: https://extfl.com/schedule/ [Accessed 24 January 2020]

Images

[2] Fans of the X-League Extreme Football | Facebook (2020) X-League Logo [Internet] Available from: https://scontent-dub4-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-9/80342743_1510957595721193_4350539435461312512_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&_nc_ohc=D8hth1j1cLoAX9AQ6a9&_nc_ht=scontent-dub4-1.xx&oh=baab30014e5939e0bcfc1793e83a8d9a&oe=5E9F6845 [Accessed 24 January 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Fiona Corrigan

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 January 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and World Gridiron 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Japan American Football Association | X-League 2017-2019

X-League Logo [Reference: 11]

JAFA X-League 2017

PWLTPFPAWS
Super 9
*Panasonic Impulse66006
*Fujitsu Frontiers65105
*Nojima Sagamihara Rise64204
*Lixil Deers64204
IBM Big Blue64204
Orbic Seagulls63303
Elecom Kobe Phi Needs63303
Asahi Beer Silver Star62402
Asahi Drink Club Challengers62404
Battle 9
*All Mitsubishi Lions64204
*As One Black Eagles63303
Meiji Yasuda Penta Ocean Pirates63303
Nagoya Cyclones63303
Fuji Xerox Minerva63303
Tokyo Gas Creators62402
Metropolitan Police Deprtment62402
Club Hawkeye61501
Bulls FC60600
Japan X-League 2017 Final Standings [Reference: 1]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Wild Card Playoffs
05.11.2017Asahi Beer Silver Star17All Mitsubishi Lions20
05.11.2017Elecom Kobe Fines47As One Black Eagles13
Quarter-Finals
11.11.2017Nojima Sagamihara Rise22Obic Seagulls41
11.11.2017Fujitsu Frontiers34Elecom Kibe Phinees7
11.11.2017LIXIL Deers31IBM BigBlue51
12.11.2017Panasonic Impulse20All Mitsubishi Lions3
Semi-Finals
26.11.2017Fujitsu Frontiers7Obic Seagulls0
26.11.2017Panasonic Impulse24IBM BigBlue31
Japan X BowlTokyo Dome
18.12.2017Fujitsu Frontiers63IBM BigBlue23
Rice BowlX-League v College
03.01.2018Fujotsu Frontiers37Nihon Phoenix9
Japan X-League Playoffs 2017 [Reference: 4-5]

JAFA X-League 2018

PWLTPFPAWS
Super 9
*Fujitsu Frontiers66006
*Panasonic Impulse65105
*IBM Big Blue65105
*Nojima Sagamihara Rise64204
*Orbic Seagulls64204
*Elecom Kobe Phi Needs63303
*Lixil Deers62402
*Asahi Beer Silver Star62402
Asahi Drink Club Challengers62402
Battle 9
*Tokyo Gas Creators65105
*All Mitsubishi Lions63303
As One Black Eagles63303
Meiji Yasuda Penta Ocean Pirates62402
Fuji Xerox Minerva AFC62402
Dentsu Caterpillars62402
Nagoya Cyclones62402
Bullseyes Tokyo61502
Sidewinders61502
Japan X-League 2018 Final Standings [Reference: 2]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Wild-Card Playoff
04.11.2018Asahi Beer Silver Star6All Mitsubishi Lions17
04.11.2018LIXIL Deers7Tokyo Gas Creators14
Quarter Final
10.11.2018Nojima Sagamihara Rise25OBIC Seagulls42
10.11.2018Fujitsu Frontiers35All Mitsubishi Lions7
10.11.2018IBM BigBlue34Elecom Kobe Finies23
10.11.2018Panasonic Impulse45Tokyo Gas Creators0
Semi-Finals
25.11.2018Fujitsu Frontiers13OBIC Seagulls10
25.11.2018Panasonic Impulse17IBM Big Blue24
Japan X BowlTokyo Dome
17.12.2018Fujitsu Frontiers35IBM Big Blue18
Rice BowlX-League v College
03.01.2018Fujitsu Frontiers52Kwansei Gakuin University Fighters17
Japan X-League Playoffs 2018 [Reference: 3]

Japan X-League 2019

PWLTPFPAWS
X1 Super
*Fujitsu Frontiers77007
*Orbic Seagulls76106
*Panasonic Impulse75205
Elecom Kobe Phi Needs73403
IBM BigBlue73403
Tokyo Gas Creators73403
All Mitsubishi Lions71601
Nojima Sagamihara Rise71601
X1 Area
Asahi Drink Club Challengers66006
Asahi Beer Silver Stars64204
LIXIL Deers64204
Meiji Yasuda Penta Ocean Pirates64204
Dentsu Caterpillars64204
Fuji Xerox Minerva AFC64204
Miraifu Fukuoka 64204
Nagoya Cyclones63303
Bullseyes62402
Metropolitan Police Department61501
As One Black Eagles60600
AFC Cranes60600
Japan X-League Standings 2019 [Reference: 6]
DateHome TeamAway Team
Semi-Finals
30.11.2019Elecom Kobe13Fujitsu Frontiers31
30.11.2019Panasonic Impulse24Orbic Seagulls14
Japan X BowlTokyo Dome
16.12.2019Panasonic Impulse26Fujitsu Frontiers28
Rice BowlX-League v College
03.01.2020Fujitsu Frontiers38Kwansei Gakuin University Fighters14
Japan X-League 2019 Playoffs [Reference: 8-10]

Note: WS = Winning Stars

Report

The Fujitsu Frontiers won their 4th consecutive Rice Bowl on 3rd January 2020, overwhelming the Kwansei Gakuin University Fighters for the second year in a row, deafeating them by a score of 38-14 in early 2020, after winning 52-17 at the end of the 2018 in early January 2019.

They had a similar resounding victory at the end of the 2017 season, when they won 37-9 against Nihon Phoenix.

About

The X-League is the Professional American Football League Section of the Japan American Football Association. The X-League itself is divided into three Divisions (X1, X2, X3) based on ability, with the X1 League split into a Super 9 and Battle 9 (Top and Bottom) with playoffs to follow. The teams are known as “Social Teams” as opposed to the College Teams, and are made up of Big Businesses.

The winners of the X Bowl meet the College Champions in the Rice Bowl, the Ultimate Game in Japanese American Football.

Action from the 73rd Rice Bowl – January 2020 [Reference: 12]

References

Websites

[1] X-League (2018) Score [2017] [Internet] Available from: http://www.xleague.com/score/ [Accessed 20 January 2018]

[2] X-League (2018) Score [2018] [Internet] Available from: http://www.xleague.com/score/ [Accessed 21 February 2019]

[3] X-League (2018) 2018 X League Game Schedule [Internet] Available from: http://www.xleague.com/english/schedule.php [Accessed 21 February 2019]

[6] X-League (2018) Standings [2019] [Internet] Available from: https://xleague.jp/standing [Accessed 7 January 2020]

[7] X-League (2018) 2019 X League Game Schedule [Internet] Available from: http://www.xleague.com/english/schedule.php [Accessed 7 January 2020]

[8] X-League (2018) 2019 Schedule / Results [Final] [Internet] Available from: https://xleague.jp/section/final [Accessed 7 January 2020]

[9] X-League (2018) 2019 Schedule / Results [Semifinals] [Internet] Available from: https://xleague.jp/section/sf [Accessed 7 January 2020]

[10] X-League (2018) [73rd Rice Bowl] Overwhelming student champion in offense and defense, Fujitsu achieves 4th consecutive victory in Thailand [Internet] Available from: https://xleague.jp/news/7464 [Accessed 7 January 2020]

Internet Archive

[4] X-League | Wayback Machine (2018) 2017 X League Game Schedule [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20180104221119/http://www.xleague.com/schedule [Accessed 8 January 2020]

[5] X-League | Wayback Machine (2018) 2017 X League Match Result [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20190701111404/http://www.xleague.com/kiroku/archive/result_list.php?url_id=Y2017/L1 [Accessed 8 January 2020]

Images

[11] X-League (2020) X-Logo [Internet] Available from: https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/xleague/images/xlogo.png [Accessed 7 January 2020]

[12] X-League (2020) 73rd Rice Bowl Photo [Internet] Available from: https://s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com/xleague/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/001_m5_01801.jpg [Accessed 7 January 2020]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Caoilfhion Nic Fhearai & Grant Farrell.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 5 January 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Proposed American Football League in USSR 1979

In 1979 American Promoter Tom Kelly, proposed to introduce American Football to the USSR, begiinning with a demonstration match involving Professional American teams and following this the creation of a dozen or two dozen teams in the Soviet Union. The State Functionaries, however, did not approve of the plan, and it was not until 1989, with the Glasnost Era, that the first matches were played, with a demonstration match by two College teams, the “Stars” and the “Bummers”. [1]

The first Russian American Football Championship then took place in 1992, however due to insufficent numbers as well as presumably the large distances involved in a National League, it was not until 2002 that it was again played, and has been played since. [2]

Billboard Advertising the first American Football Game in Russia 1989 [Reference: 3]

References

Internet Archive

[1] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/Hist_RUS.php [Accessed 24 December 2017]

[2] American Football League (Russia) | Wayback Machine (2018) American Football League [Internet] Available from: https://web.archive.org/web/20181216083344/http://laf.amfoot.ru/?r=competition/about&comp=101 [Accessed 31 December 2019]

Images

[3] American Football (Russia) (2017) History in Russia | Billboard Advertising First College Game in Russia 1989 [Internet] Available from: http://www.americanfootball.ru/History/pics/billboard-1989-400×600.jpg[Accessed 24 December 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Robert Gorby & Enda Fahy.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 30 December 2019

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2019

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.